Friday, April 10, 2015

A Wish for "Cinderella" (A Review of the Disney-Branagh 2015 Reboot)

It's taken me a while to get my personal review posted, I know. I was glad one of our new review posse stepped up and wrote a wonderful review on the opening weekend for you all. Granted, I didn't see it till much later but it's still taken a good couple of weeks for me to consolidate my pages of notes into something you can read at one sitting.
I believe I've finally done it, so here we go:

The biggest issue surrounding the heart of this movie, that reboots a well known and loved, but also greatly criticized movie is: Does this new Cinderella, reinvent the character and film as we believe they (really) need to be, yet stay true to remain the iconic Disney story people love? Does Cinderella stay 'herself', yet show us what we wish she could and should be?
I was surprised to find most of the answer to this was yes.
I'll get to my objections in a little bit, but first I'd like to point out the good stuff, especially since I've been pretty clear previously, that I thought I was going to be bored watching this movie. I wasn't. I liked the movie much better than I thought I would.
Everybody has talked about how stunningly lavish and beautiful it is, and it is. The visuals send a strong message - with almost every scene - that you are watching "a fairy tale". Once you get used to just how much intense color and detail there is (so much color!), it works, very well. You might even say it's got a very fairy tale++ feel, but, somehow, without the glitter (at least to a certain point). Even the narrator, who is the Fairy Godmother (don't worry - that's not a spoiler), didn't bother me. It felt like the right tone for this presentation.
What they got right:
  • A lot. The fairy tale feel was mostly spot on with the visuals, directing, framing, mixed-up period feel, the touch of fantasy throughout, the comic moments, the exciting transformations, and it was just a very good looking and luxurious film. It was (mostly) very good movie making and exactly what you want when you pick up a fairy tale film (that is, a fairy tale film you expect to be somewhat fantastic/ escapist/ magical, because there are other kinds too). It's (almost) everything it is supposed to be.

  • The Fairy Godmother (played by Helena Bonham Carter), I fully expected to be annoyed by, but her tone was refreshing by the time we got there and hit all the right notes.


  • The transformation magic was great. Lily James was a little odd at times and the lizard footmen bothered me but none of that was enough to ruin those scenes. My favorite magic part were the post-midnight chase and transformation scenes, including the lovely walk home in the rain afterward.

  • The pacing of having a grown girl-woman (I think she's supposed to be 18), transitioning to a place of servitude in her own house was well done. Initially, I couldn't understand how a grown woman (essentially) would put up with having that done to her for the first time, but the way it started slowly, and with layered dialogue that increased in clarity (and harshness) over time, made it clear that it was done little by little.

  • The way the mice were handled, was a nice, not-over-done bit of daily magic. (If you listened closely you could tell they were approximately words when they squeaked.)

  • Cinderella's bare-back, rein-free ride was great, and that horse was gorgeous! I wish we'd seen it again. (The only problem was that it felt like it was supposed to foreshadow something in Cinderella but I couldn't solidly relate it to anything else that happened.)

  • The Prince had a personality (!), his own challenges, grief and ultimately his own agency outside the expected norm, which was very refreshing.

  • They showed how the stepmother's own grief and bad choices (played in a beautifully layered and never-over-the-top manner by Cate Blanchett) were the seeds of why she became so vicious. It didn't excuse her actions at any point, but instead showed how letting bitterness take root, instead of choosing kindness, could result in a monster. My possibly favorite scene in the whole movie, was when the stepmother had been entertaining and the house was full of people. She looked beautiful, happy, and her dress was dark and stunning with a gorgeous flower design. After a win of some kind, she hurries, happily, to share it with her new husband, only to overhear him speaking to Cinderella, about her and her daughters, and not in the most flattering way. You could almost see that late blossoming of joy in this still-recent widow, recoil and begin to wither as she drew back into the shadows to listen and get hurt again. Without turning the movie into a vehicle for sympathizing with the villain, it was made clear how not being courageous and kind can warp you, even when you are beautiful, until you become your worst self.

  • The movie made a very good effort at showing different ways of dealing with grief, which is central to the Grimm's version and is reflected somewhat in Disney's version of Perrault as well. Cinderella, her father, the stepmother and the Prince all had to deal with grief, and all went about it differently.

  • The mythology of the shoe! This version added a couple of small notes about the glass slipper that helped everything make a lot more sense: a) before she ran away as it was chiming Midnight, one of her shoes slipped off and the Prince put it back on her foot. It showed how easily the shoe could come off in the first place and took the opportunity to provide a moment of particular intimacy between Cinderella and the Prince and b) it was mentioned during the 'right foot' hunt that the shoe was magical and refused to fit 'just anybody', so it was clear that even if the foot was the right size, the shoe still wasn't going to fit - not until it found Cinderella. (And then they added that neat little line with Cinderella saying "I don't know if that glass slipper will fit but..", emphasizing it had to be about more than this superficial aspect.)

  • There were nods to other versions of Cinderella too, which is always a big plus for me and shows the writer and producer understand the tale doesn't exist in a vacuum: the branch Cinderella requested of her father is the most obvious one, nodding at the Grimms version, and the sisters were pretty, just not elegant (at all). It was their hearts that were ugly, again a nod to many other versions. The scene with the swing recalled The Slipper and the Rose for me (though other people are seeing this as a Fragonard, Frozen callback), and the stepmother going though Cinderella's things was reminiscent of Ever After, as was the character in general,


What I have issues with:
  • If you know Disney's Cinderella, you know this song:
A dream is a wish your heart makes
When you're fast asleep
In dreams you will lose your heartache
Whatever you wish for you keep
Have faith in your dreams and some day
Your rainbow will come smiling through
No matter how your heart is grieving
If you keep on believing
The dream that you wish will come true.
 
Ultimately, it feels like this one song, which is escapist and very passive, is the whole premise of the movie. Indeed - this is the very song that starts playing/being sung as the credits begin, as if it were a summary. All that stuff about heartache, and dreaming and grieving and 'believing" - that's what it boils down to, which is a shame, because they tried very hard for it not to be, for much of the film. Had the film not ended on this note (no pun intended) it might have been a little easier to hang on to the power of kindness, courage and endurance. It feels like they undermined themselves on two accounts without even realizing it.
  • The dress transformation scene bothered me a lot. Firstly, Cinderella made such an issue of it being her mother's dress she wanted to wear it seemed odd there was not a hint of the original left in the blue one you see in every promo (I looked on the big screen specifically but if there was I couldn't see it the first time around, apart from approximating the neckline a little). But the FG's delivery in asking if her mother wouldn't mind having her dress spruced up a little sold it enough that I could let that one go - mostly.

  • The one thing that pulled me out of the movie big-time was the dress transformation itself. Oh boy - it went on and on and on... It was so over the top it got ridiculous, and more than one audience member (including myself) started looking around the theater, bored. Not only that, Cinderella began to look like a bit of an idiot doing so much continuous twirling.

  • There was one scene in which Cinderella looked like a doll the waist was so ridiculously small and her head so large in comparison. It pulled me out of the movie for the second time.
  • The pacing was inconsistent at times and dragged at some points but I sort of expected it would. I had just hoped, since they fully expected six-year old girls to go to the theater to see this, that they would have tightened the pacing in the more grow-up world scenes.

  • I had problems with Cinderella-the-character - quite a few. I'll deal with those separately below.
My problems with Cinderella-the-character were:
  • Her kindness seemed more habit than a conscious (read "active") choice, so she seemed less... aware and intelligent than she should have (and showed less agency because of this). I can't help but think a different actress might have paced her responses slightly differently, showing her kindness wasn't just habit, but an active choice. There were a couple of times it was clear that she was choosing kindness but not with regard to her step-family.

  • She was so very... very good and perfect. Really. She was kind, beautiful, she was well read, she could sing, she had household skills, she could speak multiple languages, she was great with animals, she could control a powerful horse, she could dance.. the list goes on. There was nothing wrong with the girl, apart from the fact that she didn't seem quite up to speed with what was really happening at certain times. She was so very sweet, and habitually so, it felt empty-headed at times, and almost flat in character. I didn't like that at all.

  • It wasn't until she accidentally meets "Kit" (seriously - "Kit"?? That has to be a reference to something else I don't get yet), in the woods that she has any sort of goal - at all. She has no dream, no wish, even, right up to that point. It's as if, had her parents not died, she would have been content to never leave home, not even to form her own family. At the very least I would have expected her to show her personal care for the house with the dream that she would restore it to the home she knew one day, to bring life and laughter back, but I didn't see a hint of that. There was a line about not leaving the house because it belonged to her mother (and father) but no action supported that, that I could see.

  • While I found her reactions for most of the movie to be generally the best they could be (despite the saccharine), and was encouraged when she began to (quietly) stand up for herself (pre-ball), once she got home and her slipper was shattered she seemed to fade away - something which I found bizarre, considering the strength of character she'd shown till then.  It was the one time she became completely passive in the whole movie and resigned herself to her fate, which is especially odd, since, in real life, even those dealing with very bad circumstances at home are likely to rally some courage, should they get a taste of life and freedom like that and take a chance on something - even if it's a very small chance, and a very small something. Cinderella just deflated at that point and remained that way until she was found (thanks to the outside forces of the mice and a determined guard) and taken away from her home. Which brings me to..

  • When Cinderella is rescued at the end (because, unfortunately she is), and has no part in her own rescue, she's taken away from this home that apparently was so important to her and doesn't even give it a backward glance. In fact, we never see it again. At the very least it should have been restored to her in some manner, or become their "country retreat" or something! There is a note that the stepmother and sisters are banished, never to return, but it doesn't mention the house, which, I thought was supposed to be representative of her mother at the least.
The problem with all the above in combination is that despite all the work in showing the importance of endurance, the film unfortunately defaults to the "karmic rescue end". Despite all the courage and kindness she showed, had Cinderella not been beautiful, she wouldn't have been looked for and found in the end. I really disliked the idea that being pretty and kind = karmic rescue. That irks. What about those of us who are kind but not pretty enough? 

The reality is, even being gentle and "pretty enough" does not guarantee a happy ending. You need to use your brain, to be active where you can, which includes quietly active. Cinderella doesn't appear to do much more than endure (though that should never be taken lightly either) but more importantly, there's no real change in her despite all that happens. The prince was a better example of resisting his situation in being kind and doing the right thing without violence. He managed to both work within the system while still breaking his mold. Granted, he didn't have abusive guardians but there was a lot of pressure (and the weight of his country's future) within his own story.
About the "have courage, be kind" message:
So this message is one the audience got over and over through the movie. It was relentless but, knowing they were concerned about confronting the popular idea of what a strong female was, I understood why. 

The message itself, I thought was bold overall and in many ways overdue. I think it's a (timely) reaction to the now-standard girl-power show of force that tends to lack in gentility and, frankly, frowns on femininity in general (unless you are kicking butt while wearing pink glitter nail polish, then that's OK, apparently). One of the reasons I have always loved Snow White was that I, especially as a young girl, saw her (as a seven year old in Little Snow White), doing more than I ever expected I'd have the strength for, and, as a result, a character I admired. Similarly, Cinderella, had to deal with daily abuse, which, no matter what age you are, is a horrible and seemingly impossible situation that's all too real for many people. My understanding was always that Cinderella was younger when this began so it would have been even more difficult for her to break out of, and even more amazing that she managed to stay kind and strong. Thankfully, even with Cinderella as an adult, the way this film presented the transition made it clear that this situation wasn't easy to leave or change either. It made it clear that dealing with abuse - no matter what the form, is a very difficult thing.

I will add what I wrote in reply to another review (by Asleep in the Woods): Endurance is underrated and, agreeing with Kristin at Tales Of Faerie too, needs its importance to be understood so that we can fully realize that even the strongest person can still be abused. (Also  see Kristin's really wonderful and important post on 'Mothers Who Kill Their Children'. It's completely relevant to this discussion.) Abuse is NOT EVER the victim's fault. Until this is understood about Cinderella characters, (ie. no matter whether she is active or passive in any versions of the tale - she is STILL abused) those awful cycles will continue. The hope in Cinderella stories isn't really about escape but about how being able to endure, and move beyond those terrible things, you can still have a life - and most importantly - not continue the cycle. 

I understand the concern of so many critics that worry this will encourage passive dreaming in young girls. Most of the movie doesn't have this message but it is the prominent note on which it ends, and, unfortunately, that's the lasting impression. 

I'm glad to see a return to it being OK to be a gentle female who loves beautiful things, and how a female who doesn't eg. know kung fu (or get taught it during the story), can still be strong, that there are feminine strengths that are very underrated yet can do much - like enduring unbelievable suffering and still remaining kind when it's easier to become bitter. That's something most men, for all their toughness, can't manage either.

Sadly it feels like the emphasis on the beauty in every frame of the film (and the insane marketing of clothes, fashion and beauty everywhere you go, currently), works against this idea. The dresses, the magic, the sweet scenes - it's all so very ideal but the sad, dreamy Cinderella near the end is fading, looking like she's given up and is primarily living in dreamland, until she's rescued and her dream is made real by someone else. In the end, what people generally walk away with is "beautiful dresses, pretty, pretty, good girl Cindy got rescued from that horrible situation."

My wish for Cinderella is this: 
I hope that 'karmic rescue for nice (and pretty) people' is not the lasting impression, but that the rest of the movie's message about endurance in hardship, actively choosing kindness, having courage, and believing there is a better future, ultimately resonates more. But not just that - that it is empowering too.
Notes on symbols and metaphors in the film:
  • The color blue - blue is Cinderella's color in the film and shows her femininity. It's interesting to note that blue was considered 'the' female color for a long time as it was gentle, quiet and delicate, whereas as pink, being a version of red, was a male color and more aggressive and passionate. In the film (and in current merchandising) blue is once again representative of 'feminine'. Cinderella's mother also sings her the song "Lavender's Blue", alerting the audience to the importance that the color blue is signifying. (I thought bringing that back into the public consciousness was a classic and classy choice.)

  • Butterflies - this is a fairly obvious one. Cinderella's glass slippers are adorned with them (if I remember correctly you see real butterflies alight on the shoes and they become part of the design), and Cinderella's ball dress also has butterfly accents. The Fairy Godmother's bodice has teeny blue butterflies all over it too. The metaphors are fairly clear: transformation is one (which this Cinderella story has in spades) and the other is freedom.

  • Flowers - this is my favorite symbol in the film, especially because it isn't restricted to Cinderella herself. Apart from the song reference (Lavender Blue), whenever the costumes have flowers on them, it's telling you something about that character. I'd have to see it more than once to be thorough but here's what I picked up with a single viewing: 
    • When Cindy is small she and her mother are surrounded by flowers and their clothes show many variations of florals. When Cinderella's mother begins to succumb to 'movie disease' those flower designs fade and Cinderella's larger, childish floral designs are no longer as prominent either. 

    • Cinderella's mother wears almost the exact same costume as her daughter does for much of the film, except the mother's dress has flowers whereas Cinderella's is plain blue. It shows, how Cinderella is her mother's daughter, in the best sense, but not blossoming (yet).
             
    • The process of the blue ball gown transformation, seemed to echo the same way the pumpkin vines 'grew' into the carriage details until her dress 'bloomed' into one gigantic flower. As over the top as it was, the whole girl was transformed into that 'Lavender Blue' flower, set to become Queen.

    • When we first see the stepmother she has black flowers showing through the gold of her dress and her hat is a weaving of black flowers - a subtle way of showing how she's mourning her previous love and life.

    • When we first meet the stepsisters their dresses have very childish flower designs, like they are spoilt little girls, which, of course, they are.
    • My close-to-favorite scene with the stepmother looking genuinely happy and hopeful at the party, has her in a stunning dark, and partly sheer dress with very beautiful flowers worked into the design. It's like the dress is telling you she's beginning to blossom from a dark place, she's at her most vulnerable and at a place where she could begin again, and as a result her beauty is magnified too. Unfortunately, after she overhears Cinderella and her father talking we never see her dressed in flowers again (as far as I can remember). 

    • The stepsisters have quite the riot of color - their designs are bombastic, the flowers are large and childish and almost clash in many ways but, apart from the 'spoiled brat' clues in the flowers of their dresses when we first meet them, their ball gowns are the most obvious reflections of these young women. However ill-refined they are, they are trying to blossom in their own way and find their place. While I would have liked more of a transition in the characters from their horrible taunts and ill-treatment of Cinderella to their (seemingly genuine) apologies at the end, the flower metaphor in most of their costumes suggests that they have a lot of growing up to do and still have potential. We never see it of course, but they're not 100% set to become like their mother - yet.

    • Then there's Cinderella's stunning wedding dress. Along with a Grace Kelly vibe, her gown isn't pure white (she's not completely naive at this point) and is adorned with very tasteful, elegantly embroidered flowers that suggest a graceful growing and flourishing, where she is (literally) blooming and coming into her own as an adult and Queen.
 
Noticing this 'language of flowers' subtext throughout the film was one of my favorite things about it. It showed a lot of insight into the various characters and told me there was more to these people under the surface than how they appeared. The clothes and flowers told a different sort of story all on their own.
What? Too long? You want a shorter summary still?

OK, here:

Go see it. It's good.
Just be aware it might send some mixed messages.
You can help by focusing on the good stuff, of which there's a ton. 
The End. 
I feel the need to add this little footnote (forgive the pun!): 
So Cindy and her FG go into the green house, find a giant pumpkin, which the FG makes magically large until the greenhouse explodes and the vegetable is changed into a coach. Honestly, my first thought on seeing this (and Cindy's and the Fairy Godmother's faces being squished against the glass) was: OMG the stepmother is going to have a FIT when she gets home! We're going to see Cindy picking glass shards out of the garden beds like lentils out of the ashes, but with more pain involved, and there's going to be a whole things about vegetables and Cindy ending up living in a hollowed out pumpkin as even more of a punishment! Thankfully, that didn't happen but... what happened to all that glass? Was that the raw material for the slippers? And did the FG clean up the rest? I have more Fairy Godmother questions in general (eg. Why is the night of the ball the first time we ever see this woman? Why is she narrating? What is the implication in Cinderella's understanding of the world that she has an FG? Why do we only see her one?) but that one about the exploding green house is one that has been bothering me ever since Cinderella walked home in the rain IN BARE FEET. ;)

Thursday, April 9, 2015

Next Up: Pinocchio Wants To Be Real Boy! (aka Disney's Next Film on the Convert-to-Live-Action List Announced)

Yes - this is the next one. Announced Wednesday through Deadline:
Yet another live-action version of a tried-and-true Disney fairy tale is wending its way to the big screen. Peter Hedges is penning a feature loosely based on the original Pinocchio story about a marionette carved from wood who dreams of becoming a real boy. Pinocchio gets his wish but is prone to stretching the truth, and each time he does, his nose grows longer. 
And the script writer hired to make the animated classic transition to live action is Peter Hedges, who wrote the screenplays for The Odd Life of Timothy Green and About A Boy. Both films have the theme "what it means to be human" and focus on a familial-like relationship to a boy... (The phrase "typecast" seems to fit well when you're talking about a writer in this context.)

And the key phrase above is"loosely based". OK then. So everyone who loves the classic is going to be disappointed, but really if it is a direct translation, everyone who loves the classic will also be disappointed. This is no-win situation here. Hopefully they've come up with a very different (dare I say "fresh"?) approach to make a new Pinocchio instead of mashing/rehashing the old one.

I cannot imagine them going back to Collodi's serial though. Can you imagine? The film would be Not Recommended For Children at best! They might, though, look back over Walt's original notes and try some of those ideas.. forgetting, of course, that Walt didn't do those ideas for good reason.

At least we can be fairly certain that it will be better than Disney's last live action Pinocchio, and I don't mean the Once Upon A Time version. (Remember that? Don't worry - most don't.)

-sigh- Time to brush up those puppetry skills.

Hm. I wonder if The Henson Company will be getting in on the act

Wednesday, April 8, 2015

An Update from Bill Willingham on the "Fables" Finale from the Vertigo Panel at ECCC 2015

I still cannot quite believe we are barreling toward the end of Fables. With not much time left and very little, if any news about the upcoming Fables movie (please let it be happening and be awesome!), everyone was very curious to see what Fables creator and chief writer, Bill Willingham, had to say at the Emerald City Comic Con, which began at the end of March.

Willingham headed up the Vertigo panel on the Opening Day of the Con, titled New Blood, immediately explaining this was an out-with-the-old (including himself) and in-with-the-new, sort of panel. (!)

From Newsarama:
"So why is this called New Blood?" Willingham began. "For one, the old blood is being moved out. I can reveal now that I did not decide to end Fables, I was told to end Fables. You'll notice that the 'Old Guard' like Kurt Busiek and Gail Simone haven't made it here yet because we're old, and we're tired, and our walkers just don't work the way they used to." 
...(Eventually) the panel switched gears (away from the new staff and talent), putting attention on the upcoming final issue of Fables. While Willingham spoke, exclusive art from Fables #150 was shuffled quickly across the projector screen. 
"The final issue of Fables is 150 story pages long," said Willingham. "So it's a collection and an individual issue, and it's coming out in July. Mark Buckingham is doing the best work of his career here, which is saying a lot. One thing Mark and I promised #150 would do, unlike the Jack of Fables series, is that we wouldn't kill everybody. If someone survives, we've kept our promise. The story spans from when #149 left off to about a hundred and fifty million years in the future. It's gonna be pretty fun." 
The floor was then opened up to audience questions..
... directed to Willingham - which Fable did he regret killing off the most?"I know you want me to say Boy Blue because it was a really good death," he replied. "I think we got a good story out of that, so I don't regret it. We got a good death out of Shere Khan, his was the first big death in terms of significance, and the atomic moment that the book was out and we couldn't take it back, I thought of all these things I could have done with him. We try to make the deaths count, so we couldn't bring him back."
"The truth is ideas are easy," finished Willingham. "Very similar ideas come to a lot of people. Execution is everything. That's what you need to know how to protect." 
Wow. I can't imagine how that must have been, to be told to end Fables when you weren't really ready to do so. I can only hope that the popularity, excellent reviews and critical acclaim of the video game The Wolf Among Us, and the obvious anticipation of fans for the upcoming movie will mean that perhaps Willingham will be given license to work in his favorite fairy tale world again in some capacity - even if it's in a completely different way to anything ever hinted at before. 

I do know he's announced that he will continue writing and creating comics and that he plans to focus on novels for a while. I know there have been plans to create other Fables-based novels, like Peter & Max, that haven't yet seen the light of day, and I know that he remains passionate about fairy tales - in a more serious, critical studies manner than most of his fans have any idea about.

July is going to be a weird month when all this goes down - and that's likely when we'll have a better idea of which direction Willingham goes next. I have a feeling that it will also be around that time that we'll get some more concrete information on the Fables movie - even if Willingham continues to not be directly involved. Bittersweet times.

These end of the era-things can get rough on the tear ducts.
Note: all illustrations are from Fables comics covers from the last arc, titled Happily Ever After, except for the header (which is from a very early issue). We've yet to see if this is a literal description of the end of these stories, or if it's ironic.

Ballet: Kremlin Ballet's "The Snow Maiden" TONIGHT in Moscow

Tonight - Wednesday, April 8th - The Kremlin Ballet will be in Moscow performing The Snow Maiden, dedicated to the 175th anniversary of the birth of Tchaikovsky! (His actual birthdate was May 7th, 1840).

Special events honoring the composer will be held all over Russia throughout the year, and this is one of those events.

From the Kremlin Palace (auto-translated from Russian):
Snow Maiden image is unique to Russian culture and, in particular, for the choreographic art.  
Music by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in Alexander Ostrovsky's play "The Snow Maiden" was a true masterpiece, one of the most inspired works, filled with light, rich colors, violent flowering fabulous colorful images.  
" The Snow Maiden "was a creative way to PI Tchaikovsky bridge from the first compositional experiments and brilliant insights in "Swan Lake", "Eugene Onegin". As himself admitted PI Tchaikovsky, he liked the play "Snow Maiden", he effortlessly composed all the music for three weeks.  
At the stage of the State Kremlin Palace springtime tale directed by Andrei Petrov gained strength ancient pagan myth. The grand scene, dazzling costumes, powerful scenery, original choreography, the perfection of classical dance and acting skills of talented troupe create an unforgettable, fantastic impression in adults, and the young spectator.
You can see more lovely photos HERE.

According to what I can understand, the Kremlin Ballet will be taking The Snow Maiden and Swan Lake to China at some point during the year (2015) as well. I couldn't find more specific details, other than the destination is specifically Tianjin.

If you'd like to go TONIGHT:
The Snow Maiden (Snegurochka): Kremlin Ballet production of Tchaikovsky's ballet based on Alexander Ostrovsky's tale of love. Kremlin Palace. Moscow Kremlin, the Troitsky Gate entrance. Metro Alexandrovsky Sad. Ticket office 1 Ulitsa Vozdvizhenka. Metro Borovitskaya. 495-628-5232, kremlinpalace.org. At 7 p.m.

Tuesday, April 7, 2015

Thoughts on American Fairy Tales

Cover from Puffin Classics Rip Van Winkle & Other Stories , artist unknown
I wanted to add a little note to the American Folktale Character Map post about American Fairy Tales but realized my 'little note" really needed a post of it's own. So consider this sort of a Part II - inspired by and following on from that post.

In the book American Fairy Tales, compiled by Neil Philip*, are these interesting notes extracted from the preface by Alison Lurie:
"The idea of an "American fairy tale" may arouse disbelief. Fairy tales, for most of us, are theEuropean ones we read as children... 
However, Americans were writing fairy tales - though, like the European ones, the seldom contain actual fairies. Sometimes these tales featured old-fashioned props and characters: magic potions and spells, dwarves and witches, princes and princesses. But often they also included contemporary objects and figures: hotels and telephones, mayors and gold miners. And even from the beginning many of the best AMerican stories had a different underlying message than the ones from across the Atlantic. 
...In American fairy tales, there is often not much to be said for wealth and high position, or even good looks. The witch in Hawthorne's "Feathertop" turns a scarecrow into a fine gentleman and sends him out into the world, where he exposes the superficiality and snobbery of the well-to-do. In L. Frank Baum's "The Glass Dog", the poor glass-blower manages to marry a princess, but she "was very jealous of his beauty and led him a dog's life."  
Rootabaga Stories Part One by Carl Sandburg, 1990 reprint cover illus by Michael Hague
The implication of such stories is that an American does not need to become rich or "marry up" in order to be happy; in fact, one should avoid doing so if possible. Happiness is all around one already, as the boy in Laura Richards' "The Golden Windows" discovers: his farmhouse already has "windows o gold and diamond" and the setting sun shines on it. Today there is so much pressure on Americans to want more fame, power and expensive objects, to feel dissatisfied with themselves and their possessions, these American fairy tales still have something to tell us." (Alison Lurie - Professor of American Literature, Cornell University, from the Preface of American Fairy Tales: From Rip Van Winkle to the Rootabaga Stories compiled by Neil Philip, illustrated by Michael McCurdy)
by Niklas Asker
So it seems to me that the values and principles considered important in the folklore and tales that this country was built on are almost the opposite of what it means to be American today - at least on the surface. How does that happen? Likely there is a map that will show that evolution too, but for now it's interesting to see where the American imagination started, and what the driving force is today. I'm sure there's a path that leads from one to the other that makes sense but it's difficult to see at first. 

My impression is that these original 'new American' tales (that is, non-native-American tales) have these things in common with the current sense of American imagination and what might be called American fairy tales now: 

1) both then and now, Americans see their people as 'big', that is, being larger than who they were told they were and not subject to where they ended up (sometimes this is literal in the tales, sometimes it's not)
2) both then and now, American fairy tale characters want to change things around them, including, but not limited to, the institutions, the laws, the land and old values passed down from pre-American generations
3) both then and now, rather than look to history, lineages and heritage, American fairy tales prefer the 'now', complete with the use of contemporary places and objects in their tales, rather than 'alternate lands' or heirlooms passed down over centuries

This is just my personal impression only, of course. 
Bee-Man of Orn illustrated by P.J. Lynch
Although it's fairly easy to track Tall Tales in the US,  the idea of 'real American fairy tales' seems to remain elusive. America is very prolific in creating literature about itself, and yet books on American fairy tales are few. The ones that you can find are often very regional, for example the Appalachian Jack tales, or collections from the Deep South, but tales that could be considered to represent the country as a whole, seem to be difficult to track down, though it's not for lack of American writers trying to write uniquely American fairy tales.

Rags Habakuk and his blue rats- Michael Hague illustration
from "Rootabaga Stories" by Carl Sandburg
Why is this?

Perhaps I've missed a whole wing of the library, so to speak, with regard to this subject but if I have then I know I'm not alone. 

In talking to American teachers, American artists and American history buffs, when I bring up this question I initially get the reply "Wizard of Oz" and "Disney". Yet they realize straight away that the Wizard of Oz is just one story, not 'tales plural' (in the collective consciousness, that is, although the story is originally part of a series - it seems most people haven't read or aren't even aware of this) and most of the stories Walt Disney retold weren't American at all, not to mention fairly recent in America's history. After that there's usually a lot of silence with baffled looks and creased foreheads.

In the afterword of the same book, Neil Philip writes: "One of the defining themes of the American fairy tale is this sense that ordinary life is something the fairy tale hero must learn to value and enjoy, rather than something from which he must escape."

Yet today's American tales and stories are all about escape, escapism and taking back "theirs". The "American life experience" that early fairy tale authors in the US held above any fairy tale fantasy, has been superseded by this need to, in a very odd way, make life the fairy tale - at all costs. It's become the measure of success. Even the current use of the phrase "a fairytale life" (fairytale being one word, a state of being instead of tales referenced) is uniquely American. And the pressure to do that is putting people under such severe strain that their lives are falling apart. 

I believe the remedy to this 'dis-ease' lies in tales - both the ones we all bring from our varied heritages all over the globe and the native tales of the people of the land, as well as these "new-American identity" literary fairy tales that showed that optimism and love of life. To take the medicine, though, somehow, we need to find our way back to those tales first.

America is still a relatively young country compared to most nations so perhaps it's as simple an issue as there hasn't been enough time yet. There have been writing movements (for want of a better term) that attempt to address this, and there are certainly modern anthologies and collections that have all the hallmarks of literary fairy tales and are uniquely American, but (sadly) most of these aren't tales people know collectively in the US and grow up with. Despite wonderful writing and storytelling, these tales are not disseminating through popular culture and the national collective consciousness the way fairy tales tend to. So how do you create (and nurture) a real American fairy tale?

I know my thoughts on the subject here are incomplete but it's a huge subject. I haven't addressed fractured fairy tales, mixed up fairy tales, the influence of Hollywood or the tales told in New York, and I've barely touched on Disney and Oz, but I think those are thoughts for another day. 

The Apple of Contentment by Howard Pyle
*Additional Note: Here's the description of the main book I've been referencing:
 
American Fairy Tales: From Rip Van Winkle to the Rootabaga Stories
Compiled by Neil Philip, Illustrated by Michael McCurdy, with a Preface by Alison Lurie:
An impressive collection of 12 stories representing the development of the American fairy tale from 1819 to 1922. Leaving behind the gloomy atmosphere and more formal language of their European counterparts, these literary selections reflect the landscape, egalitarian philosophy, and forward-looking optimism of America. Washington Irving's "Rip Van Winkle" is firmly placed in the Kaatskill Mountains, while Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Feathertop" is filled with New England superstitions. The contentment of ordinary life is emphasized in Horace E. Scudder's "The Rich Man's Place" and Laura E. Richards's "The Golden Windows." The heroine of Louisa May Alcott's "Rosy's Journey" is solidly self-reliant, and the protagonists in Howard Pyle's "The Apple of Contentment" and Ruth Plumly Thompson's "The Princess Who Could Not Dance" are cheerful and independent. L. Frank Baum's "The Glass Dog" and Carl Sandburg's "How They Broke Away to Go to the Rootabaga Country" portray inventiveness and the pioneer spirit. Sandburg's tale, as well as M.S.B.'s "What They Did Not Do on the Birthday of Jacob Abbott B., Familiarly Called Snibbuggledyboozledom," employ a unique American idiom with their zany words and phrases. Independent readers may find the archaic writing of some of these selections difficult to deal with; others are quite readable. Each story is introduced by information about the author; sources are included. McCurdy's skillfully executed black-and-white woodcuts, both full-page scenes and vignettes, illustrate each tale. This volume provides a rich read-aloud for families who like quality literature, and will also be of interest to children's-literature students and folklorists.